I can’t help but get a little bit of personal satisfaction out of this story.  It seems that Dell Computers was engaged in a large scale “shell” game or “bait and switch” scheme in New York.  A New York judge recently found that Dell misled consumers repeatedly by engaging in “false and deceptive advertising” of its promotional financing terms/incentives and service warranties.  The New York Attorney General’s (”AG”) office logged over 1,700 complaints from consumers.

Dell was luring consumers to purchase its computers by offering free financing, rebates, upgrades, and  other incentives for “well qualified” customers.  However, according to the AG, as few as 7% of consumers actually qualified for the promotions.  The vast majority of applicants were instead offered hefty interest rates between 16% to 30%, conveniently financed through Dell Financial Services.  The judge, among other things, enjoined Dell from advertising certain promotions without first  prominently disclosing to consumers how many applicants were likely to qualify for them.

On the service end of things, the judge found that many consumers were placed on hold for technical support for inordinately long periods of time, had to call repeatedly to get through to a technical representative (who I’ve found to be useless anyway), and many instances where the company refused to provide on-site service.  Some customers apparently waited for months or even years for service.  So much for their “next day” service guarantee.

As an owner of 2 Dell computers that have been nothing but trouble within months of buying them, it’s somewhat gratifying to see the company get slammed for its deceptive conduct.  Almost all of my experiences with Dell’s technical support have been, uh, well—what’s the Hindi word for “abysmal”?  I stopped calling them long ago and now use my own pricey IT consultant.  In any case, my frustrations are clearly widespread and well-founded.

As I’ve said before, the “unfair or deceptive” standard used by almost any AG’s office is an especially broad one that easily encompasses conduct which may not meet the higher standard used for “fraud.”  With fraud, it must be shown that a company actually knew that what it was doing was wrong—although in this case, the folks at Dell seemed to be fully aware of their actions.  How could they not be? 

But an AG doesn’t need to jump through hoops to prove fraud anyway.  Showing unfair or deceptive conduct is much easier.  And once the AG has a high-profile and wealthy corporate defendant in its sites that is the subject of 1,700 consumer complaints, rest assured that it will  pursue the company vigorously.  Given my own problems with Dell, I say: “Give ‘em hell!”

What a shock.  Lobbyists always get all of the best legislation through.  A House committee passed proposed legislation last week, the “Pro IP Act,” which would increase the penalties for illegally copying and distributing  movies and music.  The bill would also create a White House-level position termed an “Intellectual Property Czar.”  And therein lies one of the bills more serious stumbling blocks.

The bill heads to the House floor for a full vote this summer.  The Senate version of the bill is currently in committee.  Even if it passes Congress, there’s no guarantee that the President will sign it into law.  The White House reportedly has “very serious concerns with the legislation.”  So a veto is still possible.

Not surprisingly, the bill is championed by the music and movie business, as well as by other industries that have a great deal invested in their intellectual property (”IP”).  However, the Department of Justice has serious misgivings about the bill, particularly when it comes to a White House official who could interfere with the DOJ’s independence in matters involving criminal enforcement of IP laws. 

 The DOJ is rightly concerned that such a position could become “easily politicized.”  But what can’t in Washington anymore?  The DOJ certainly isn’t immune either.  Remember the Alberto Gonzalez scandal last year regarding the politically-motivated firings of federal prosecutors who were not perceived as being loyal enough to the Republican party and the current administration?  So politics is inescapable.  It’s only a matter of degree.

But the DOJ has a point and common sense will hopefully prevail.  While the DOJ is obviously not immune from political pressure either, it’s certainly more immune than a White House official is—at least in theory.  And installing an official beholden to the concerns of certain industries only sends yet another message to empower special interest groups with large checkbooks.  At a time when election-year politicians, watchdog groups, and voters alike are decrying the massive influence of lobbyists, installation of an “IP Czar” will only serve to escalate the rhetoric.   

Second, as a general matter, never trust the title of any position that has the word “czar” in it, even informally.  I regard that as somewhat—oh, what’s the word?— “undemocratic.”  Few will deny that IP theft and infringment threatens the viability of numerous industries.  But creating a special Cabinet-level position is not the answer.

Despite the House’s attempt to “clarify” and limit the czar’s role to “coordinat[ing] anti-piracy efforts across government” and not to “making policy,” what does this really mean from a practical perspective?  Wide scale coordination efforts seem to imply a certain amount of policy-making authority.  And historically, “czars” usually haven’t been subject to too much control.

Besides, why an “IP Czar” anyway?  Why not create an “Outsourcing Czar?”  With some studies estimating that 1 million to 2.5 million American jobs have been lost due to outsourcing, this issue affects far more people across many more industries.  Or how about a “Healthcare Czar?”  That’s an issue which affects everyone.  Oh yes, that’s right.  The common man has no lobbyist.  All we have are legislators.  

Talk about a slow news day.  A recent article in USA Today discusses the so-called “fine print” in ISP contracts and then concludes that it doesn’t really matter anyway.  This non-story highlights the fact that ISP contracts, which their company lawyers draft, give ISPs rights to read their subscribers’ e-mail, block their subscribers from accessing certain websites, and can terminate their subscribers for overusage of their networks.  The horror.  Imagine that?  A business that protects itself.  The shareholders will be outraged.

As an attorney who drafts these contracts, this article is much ado about nothing.  Yes, ISPs put all sorts of language into these agreements to make sure that their services are not abused by users.  But simply because an ISP has the right to read a user’s e-mail or block a user from accessing certain sites doesn’t mean that it will actually do so.  The article makes it sound inevitable.

An ISP, like every other business in America, is keenly aware of the public relations disaster that would result if it was disclosed that they routinely read their users’ e-mails, blocked access to websites, or simply terminated their users accounts due to overusage, without good cause.  They would quickly and perhaps permanently lose users as the media and blogosphere savaged them.  And as they know all too well, everything in cyberspace lives on indefinitely. 

But think of the public relations disaster that would result if it was disclosed that an ISP was aware or suspected that a user was engaging in wide scale spamming, copyright infringement, or the downloading of child pornography.  Or that certain users were hogging bandwidth to the point that other subscribers’ service was affected, while the ISP took a laissez-faire attitude?  It’s not exactly a model of corporate responsibility in these post-Sarbanes Oxley times.  The blogosphere would again be buzzing, albeit for different reasons.  You’re damned if you do, and damned if you don’t.

Furthermore, some of these clauses are economic necessities.  The RIAA has begun targeting ISPs whose users engage in massive and sustained downloading of copyrighted music through their networks.  If an ISP suspects that a user is downloading copyrighted material and does nothing, it can be held liable for contributory copyright infringement in certain instances.  But by terminating the offending user’s account, it may insulate itself from liability.  The “fine print” of the contract allows an ISP to do so.

Is an ISP contract really that different from signing a lease with a landlord?  A landlord has the right to access your apartment with or without notice and can potentially invade your privacy.  A landlord puts certain restrictions as to how its property can be used and how many people can live in it.  And a landlord can evict you under the right circumstances.  While internet access is certainly important nowadays, so is having a place to live.  Yet many tenants have rules not unlike what their ISPs impose, but don’t assume that their landlords will exercise them indiscriminately.

So the contractual provisions such as those described in the article are not necessarily a bad thing.  It all depends upon the circumstances.  If an ISP does include a provision that a court finds to be unfair or onerous, it can be struck from the contract (to say nothing of the scrutiny the ISP would get from that state’s attorney general).  So it’s not as if an ISP can do anything it wants.  While it may sound like this is a case of “ISPs gone wild,” the simple fact is that—for the moment at least—this was an article in search of a story.  But when an ISP does overreach or overreact, I’m sure we’ll hear about it somehow.

      There was an interesting consumer protection suit filed by the Pennsylvania Attorney General (”AG”) recently.  It seems that Waltham, Massachusetts resident Areg A. Sakanyan, who was operating a website,  www.unclaimedmoney.us.com, to supposedly help people locate unclaimed money, didn’t provide the advertised service.

     According to the AG, the site lured consumers to conduct an initial free search and then enticed them to purchase a “membership” for $24.95 which would give them the details they needed to claim any assets that the search uncovered.  The problem was that everyone apparently qualified for unclaimed assets—even superheroes and cartoon characters.  When the AG’s undercover investigators input names such as “Batman” and “Wily E. Coyote,” the site stated that they had multiple unclaimed assets waiting for them.  Not surprisingly, no details or information about a person’s supposed unclaimed assets were ever provided by the site once the $24.95 fee was paid.

     In many ways, this is a standard type of consumer action that one would expect an AG to undertake:  A service was advertised, money was paid, and nothing was provided.  What was interesting, however, was one of the disclosures that the site allegedly failed to make.  According to the AG, the site—among other things—failed to inform consumers that its unclaimed money database is based upon publicly available sources which could generally be accessed without charge.   

     While this was just one part of the AG’s complaint, it’s somewhat troubling if the AG is attempting to establish precedent that a for-profit content or database website would have to make disclosures that its information is available from free public sources.  The internet is replete with such services.  For example, while many lawyers can find cases, statutes, and other public records for free, for-profit services such as Westlaw and Lexis provide the same service for what can sometimes be a hefty fee.  Would a disclosure be warranted in this instance?  Perhaps not just yet . . . .

      Again, given some of the overtly fraudulent conduct alleged in the AG’s complaint, this is only one small part of the action.  But all AGs are given a great deal of discretion when deciding to pursue those businesses that it deems to be engaging in unfair or deceptive practices.  And most businesses settle or fold once the AG has them in its sights, especially given the lengthy and expensive proceedings that can ensue, as well as all of the negative publicity that such actions generate.  The proverbial “slippery slope” gets even slipperier if aggressive and politically-motivated AGs (i.e., those seeking higher office) are specifically looking for “high value targets” upon which to focus their energies.  And failure to put appropriate disclaimers on a site are particularly easy targets to pursue.